Evidence Based Care
Volume:3 Issue: 1, 2013

Background Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder that has a lot of consequences on the quality of life in diabetic patients. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions based on BASNEF model on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. this before-and-after quasi-experimental study was performed on one group of 45 patients with type 2 diabetes، using convenience sampling method، who were admitted in three hospitals in Mashhad، Iran from 2011 to 2012. To collect data a questionnaire developed based on constructs of BASNEF model (knowledge، attitude، subjective norms and enabling factors) as well as the short version of the world health organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. At the biggining of the study quality of life was assessed، and then the intervention was conducted in three 45-minute sessions. Quality of life score was again measured one month later and compared with the baseline score. Data were analyzed with SPSS Software، version 11. 5 using paired t test in 95% level. The mean age of sample was 47. 5 ± 6. 7 and most of them (%55. 5) were male. Based on paired t-test a significant increase was observed in scores of both QOL dimensions and also BASNEF model constructs after as compared with before the intervention (P < 0. 05). BASNEF model is an effective model to design programs to improve the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Delivery is one of the critical stressful incidents in lives of most women and its associated complications can disturb the progress of labor and exacerbate post partum problems. Chewing gum is one of the new non-pharmacological methods to reduce stress. So far no study has been conducted to investigate the effect of chewing gum on the stress of labor. To determine the effect of mint chewing gum on salivary cortisol in nulliparous women in the first stage of labor. The study was a randomized، single-blind، controlled clinical trial in which 60 nulliparous women، who admitted at the first stage of labor in Omolbanin Hospital in Mashhad in 2012، were allocated to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was asked to chew mint gum (1 gr) for 20 minutes and then their saliva sample were taken to measure cortisol level. Data were analyzed by independent and paried t-test in 5 percent level of significance with SPSS software version 11. 5. The mean salivary cortisol levels at the first and second measurement were respectively 44/9 ± 12/7 and 41/4 ± 13/0 in experimental and also 39/3 ± 10/3 and 42/8 ± 11/0 nmol in control group. The salivary cortisol level showed a significant increase from the first to the second measurement in control group (P<0. 009)، whereas a significant decrease was seen in these two measurments in experimental group (P<0. 014). Two groups were significantly different in terms of the changes in stress levels between two measurements (P>0/001). Mint chewing gum reduces salivary cortisol level at the first stage of labor in nulliparous women، which is an evidence for reducing stress. Although careful judgment aboute the exact changes in stress level are needed both laboratory and clinical studies.

Stress is one of the major causes of physical and mental illnesses، which could interfere with individual''s functions. Emotional intelligence skill is one of the controlling skills of stress and its negative consequences. To investigate the effect of teaching emotional intelligence skills on response to educational stress in high school girls. This experimental study was performed on 100 students of Mashhad high schools، who were randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a six-session teaching program on emotional intelligence، while control group received no intervention. Gadzella Student-Life Stress Inventory was used as a study tool. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 11. 5 using independent t-test and paired t-test. Both groups experienced changes in physiological response to stress as the mean score of stress decreased in experimental group and increased in control group (P<0. 001). Mean score of emotional intelligence in response to educational stress decreased significantly in both groups، but the independent t-test showed that the experimental group had a significant decline (P<0. 001). Mean scores of behavioral and cognitive responses decreased after intervention in experimental group (P<0. 001). Mean score of Overall response to stress decreased after intervention in experimental group as well (P<0. 003). Offering courses on emotional intelligence in schools can be effective in reducing the consequences of educational stress.

Regular exercises decrease the risk of various diseases. This is a reason to recommend exercises for health promotion. Thus American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) have issued guidelines for young people resistance exercises. To investigate the effect of resistance training exercise on hematological، immunological and coagulation parameters in sedentary young men. This quasi- experimental study was carried out on 26 healthy men (21. 5±1. 6 years old) who were selected at Bu-Ali Sina University and randomly assigned to control (n=13) and experimental (n=13) groups. The experimental group did AHA-ACSM exercise at 8 A. M. and control group continued their regular activities for 12 weeks. Fasting blood (5ml) was collected from antecubital vein before and 72 hours after exercise training. Hematological، immunological and coagulation parameters were measured by cell counting and ELISA methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15 using t student and paired t-tests in order to compare groups before and after exercise training. Twelve-weekresistance training exercise decreased Minimum Inhibitory Dilution (MID) and platelets significantly (P≤0. 05). But it had no effect on MCV، MCH، MCHC، leukocytes، prothrombin time، clotting time and bleeding time. Results of the study showed that 12 -weeks AHA-ACSM exercise maintains hematological، immunological and coagulation parameters in physiological normal range in sedentary young men and resulted in optimal level of blood elements.

Achieving quality care is an important issue which is often paied attention to in providing nursing care. It seems that communication skills can affect the quality of care. This study investigated the effect of training the communication skills on the quality of nursing care in patients. The study was a pretest/posttest experimental design with control group. 60 nurses working in Qhaem and Emamreza hospitals were selected using stratified sampling and then randomly allocated to one of the two groups. In addition، three patients per each nurse were selected using convenience sampling before and also one، two and three weeks after the intervention. The intervention included communication skills training workshop which was held for eight hours over two days in 2012. Data collection tools included demographic data sheet، Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPAC) and communication skills Check list. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using t student test، Mann-Whitney، Wilcoxon and ANOVA tests. The mean score for overall quality of care in communication skills training group was significantly higher at the 2nd، 3rd، and 4th weeks after the intervention compared with the control group (p<0/001). This increase was not similar in different dimensions of quality care. It was 50. 8% in the individual psychosocial، 63. 8% in the group psychosocial، 54. 4% in the relationship، 50/6% the physical، 41% in the general and 98% in the professional dimension. In both intervention and control group، the mean score for overall quality of care significantly decreased at the 2nd، 3rd، and 4th weeks after the intervention compared with preintervention period (p<0/001). As communication skill training is an effective method to improve the quality of care، it is suggested that managers and staff should consider it to improve the quality of patients'' care.

Achieving quality care is an important issue which is often paied attention to in providing nursing care. It seems that communication skills can affect the quality of care. This study investigated the effect of training the communication skills on the quality of nursing care in patients. The study was a pretest/posttest experimental design with control group. 60 nurses working in Qhaem and Emamreza hospitals were selected using stratified sampling and then randomly allocated to one of the two groups. In addition، three patients per each nurse were selected using convenience sampling before and also one، two and three weeks after the intervention. The intervention included communication skills training workshop which was held for eight hours over two days in 2012. Data collection tools included demographic data sheet، Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPAC) and communication skills Check list. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using t student test، Mann-Whitney، Wilcoxon and ANOVA tests. The mean score for overall quality of care in communication skills training group was significantly higher at the 2nd، 3rd، and 4th weeks after the intervention compared with the control group (p<0/001). This increase was not similar in different dimensions of quality care. It was 50. 8% in the individual psychosocial، 63. 8% in the group psychosocial، 54. 4% in the relationship، 50/6% the physical، 41% in the general and 98% in the professional dimension. In both intervention and control group، the mean score for overall quality of care significantly decreased at the 2nd، 3rd، and 4th weeks after the intervention compared with preintervention period (p<0/001). As communication skill training is an effective method to improve the quality of care، it is suggested that managers and staff should consider it to improve the quality of patients'' care.

One of the most common causes of referal of women of childbearing age to physician is the cyclic mastalgia. The present study was performed due to the similar mechanism of action of fish oil and vitamin E in reducing this pain. To determine the effect of fish oil and vitamin E on duration of Cyclic mastalgia. This Triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 women (15 to 49 years) suffered from cyclical mastalgia. Patients were divided into two study groups with 35 patients in each group، included: 1. Fish oil 3gr/day، 2. Vitamin E 400 unit daily. Breast pain duration was evaluated before the study and 1 and 2 months after the intervention، In addition، medication side effects were assessed after an intervention. Data after collected by registration table of breast pain duration was analysed by SPSS statistical software (version16). Chi-square، repeated measures ANOVA، independent and paired-t tests were performed. The mean of breast pain duration in fish oil group before an intervention was 9/3±3/4 and was decreased to 2/5±4/5 2 months after the fish oil consumption. Also in Vitamin E group this mount decreased from 9/5±3/3 to2/2±3/5. Overally the mean scores of breast pain duration decreased before and after the intervention in both groups (P<0/001). According to the findings of this study and the absence of serious drug side effects، fish oil and Vitamin E with similar therapeutic effects in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia، can be a viable alternative to other hazardous drugs in this field.

Rehabilitation is a main part of stroke treatment. Stroke causes reduced quality of life (QOL) among stroke survivors and significant strain on Caregivers. However، family role on the rehabilitation team andprogram should present on family-based. The effect of home-based stroke rehabilitation on quality of life of stroke survivors and their family caregiver strain. This study was Quasi- Experimental Research. The target populations were all ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to Dr. Shariaati Hospital and their caregiver. Convenience sampling was used in which 30 patients and their caregivers who had entrance criteria were selected; and data were collected based on the demographic characteristic، Stroke specific quality of life scale (SS-QOL) and Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) instruments. The participants received stroke rehabilitation program from hospitalization to 8weeks after discharging from hospital at their home. The study consisted 3 sessions of face to face patient and their family caregiver education in 3 continues day after intensive period of the stroke event. The CSI and SS-QOL were assessed before and after the intervention. The paired t-test، Bunferoni and variance analysis were used for data analyzez. The mean score for CSI befor intervention was 33/3±15/5 and after intervention was 24/6± 11/1 (p<0/01). In addition، the mean score for SS-QOL befor an intervention was 136/1±34/8 and after the intervention was 191±35/0 (p<0/01). Dimensions of movement and function of upper extremities in the SS-QOL showed significant differences between other aspects of the questionnaire. Envisage home-based stroke rehabilitation program on therapeutic plan can cause more functional patients and reduc caregiver strain، and health improvement for stroke survivors and their family caregivers.